Introduction Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS) is a rare but serious illness caused by specific bacteria that release harmful toxins into the body. Although it’s often associated with menstruating women who use high-absorbency tampons, TSS can affect anyone: men, women, and children. Knowing the risks and how to prevent them is an empowering step toward protecting your health.
What Makes Toxic Shock Syndrome Dangerous?
TSS occurs when toxins from Staphylococcus aureus (staph) or Streptococcus pyogenes (strep) bacteria enter the bloodstream. These toxins can trigger sudden and severe symptoms such as:
● High fever
● Low blood pressure
● A sunburn-like rash
● Vomiting or diarrhoea
● Dizziness or fainting
● Muscle aches
If untreated, TSS can progress quickly and lead to organ failure. While researchers are still learning exactly how these toxins cause such rapid illness, certain factors can increase your risk.
The most well-known risk factor is prolonged use of super-absorbent tampons, which can create an environment where bacteria thrive - especially if a tampon is left in for too long. But TSS can also develop through other openings in the skin, such as surgical wounds, cuts, burns, or after childbirth.
How to Reduce Your Risk of Toxic Shock Syndrome
The good news: TSS is very uncommon, and a few simple habits can substantially lower your risk.
1. Choose Tampons Carefully
If you prefer to use tampons, select the lowest absorbency that matches your flow, and be sure to change your tampon every 4 - 8 hours. Many women prefer switching to pads at night or alternating between tampons and pads during the day.
2. Prioritise Clean Hands
Wash your hands before inserting or removing a tampon and anytime you care for a wound. This small step goes a long way in preventing bacterial contamination.
3. Explore Other Menstrual Options
If you’re concerned about TSS or prefer alternatives to tampons, consider using pads or menstrual cups. Another safe and healthy option is switching to reusable menstrual products, such as period pants. When choosing reusable products, look for PFAS- and toxin-free brands like Sanavay.
4. Know the Warning Signs
If you develop a sudden high fever, rash, dizziness, vomiting, or flu-like symptoms, especially during your period, seek medical attention right away. Acting quickly is crucial.
5. Care for Wounds Properly
Whether it’s a minor cut or a surgical incision, keep wounds clean, covered, and monitored to prevent bacterial infections.
6. Share What You Know
Talking openly about menstrual health helps break stigma and ensures others understand the signs and risks of TSS. Empower the women and girls in your life with accurate information.
Conclusion
Toxic Shock Syndrome is rare, but awareness is a powerful tool in preventing it. By practising safe menstrual hygiene, properly caring for wounds, and recognising early symptoms, you can confidently protect your well-being. Remember: your health matters, and staying informed is one of the best ways to stay safe.
Main sources:
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) 2022, Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS), CDC, https://www.cdc.gov.
Cleveland Clinic 2023, Toxic Shock Syndrome (TSS): Causes, Symptoms & Treatment, Cleveland Clinic, https://my.clevelandclinic.org.
Healthline 2022, Everything You Need to Know About Toxic Shock Syndrome, Healthline, https://www.healthline.com.
Mayo Clinic 2023, Toxic Shock Syndrome, Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research, https://www.mayoclinic.org.
NHS (National Health Service) 2023, Toxic Shock Syndrome, NHS UK, https://www.nhs.uk.
Todd, J., Fishaut, M., Kapral, F. & Welch, T. 1978, ‘Toxic-shock syndrome associated with phage-group-I Staphylococci’, The Lancet, vol. 312, no. 8100, pp. 1116–1118.
Schlievert, P.M. 2010, ‘Toxic shock syndrome: Recognition, pathogenesis, and management’, New England Journal of Medicine, vol. 362, no. 1, pp. 1–7.
